Leptin: an immunomodulatory molecule of animals

Leptin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine (adipokine), has plethora of physiological roles in the body, particularly onset puberty, reproduction and immune function animal. Leptin binds with leptin receptor (LEPR) activates different intracellular signaling pathways to activate downstream gene expression process execute its functions. The present mini-review focuses on our current understanding about immunomodulatory immunodiagnostic potential domestic mammalian species. This warrants future research efforts explore immunological role that can be exploited for augmenting protection livestock.